Challenges of Online Nikaah in Pakistan: A Study of Technical, Legal and Social Issues. Examine the Technical, Legal and Social Challenges Associated with Online Nikaah in Pakistan

Abstract

The advent of digital technology has transformed numerous aspects of societal interaction, including matrimonial practices such as Nikaah (Islamic marriage). In Pakistan, online Nikaah ceremonies have emerged as a growing trend, particularly among overseas Pakistanis and during circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic. While offering convenience and accessibility, online Nikaah presents a range of technical, legal, and social challenges that warrant critical examination. This study explores the multifaceted issues surrounding online Nikaah in Pakistan, focusing on the integrity of digital platforms, authentication of identity and consent, compliance with legal formalities under Pakistani family law, and acceptance within religious and cultural frameworks. The research highlights inconsistencies in the legal recognition of online marriages, lack of uniform regulation, and the potential for exploitation or fraud in the absence of standardized procedures. Additionally, the paper discusses the social stigma attached to non-traditional marriage formats and the concerns raised by religious scholars regarding the validity of such unions. Based on qualitative and doctrinal analysis, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the implications of online Nikaah and offers recommendations for addressing existing gaps through policy reforms and technological safeguards.

Keywords: Online Nikaah, Pakistan, legal recognition, social challenges, digital authentication